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Proud
achievements already:
Siva for Kids
Foundation is proud to hold resident in the city of The
Hague with its great multi-culture, traditions,
art and the royal city of the Netherlands. It's
also known that Holland maintains diplomatic
relations with 166 states, 81 of which are represented
in The Hague with an embassy. Therefore we present
beneath some of the international organizations
and hope that Siva for Kids can learn from these
world organizations. |
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The
Hague and international organisations
City
of peace and security
The Netherlands is the only country in the world
which defines its constitutional duty to conduct
foreign policy as 'the promotion of the international
legal order'. World famous scholars such as
Grotius laid the foundations for an international
system of justice between nations. As a city
of diplomats, the parliament, government and
the crown, The Hague is a natural home to institutions
that serve world peace, security and legitimacy.
The motivation behind the Hague Peace Conferences
of 1899 and 1907 - to solve disputes between
nations through arbitration and court rulings
- is still our guiding principle
Peace
Palace
At the beginning of this century American Andrew
Carnegie endowed 1.5 million dollars for the
construction of an international palace of justice
in The Hague: het Vredespaleis (Peace Palace).
This temple of international law opened on 28
August 1913. The beautiful building symbolises
the position of The Hague as City of Peace and
Justice. In 1998 former UN Secretary-general,
Boutros Boutros-Ghali, described The Hague as
the 'judicial capital' of the world. Along with
New York, Geneva and Vienna, The Hague is the
fourth U.N. city of the world. The Hague is
our political and diplomatic window on the world.
The role of the Courts in The Hague, as counterpart
to the political bodies of the UN in New York,
is a weighty one. Mankind will be the winner
if 'The Hague' acquires an even higher profile
in the next century as 'legal capital of the
world'.
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International
organizations
The last hundred years we have seen the arrival
of numerous international institutions:
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International
Court of Justice
This is the principal judicial organ of the
United Nations. It began its work in 1946, when
it replaced the Permanent Court of International
Justice of the League of Nations which has functioned
since 1922. The Court has a dual role: to settle
in accordance with international law the legal
disputes submitted to it by states, and to give
advisory opinions on legal questions referred
to it by duly authorized UN organs and specialized
agencies. Only states may apply to and appear
before the Court which is composed of 15 judges. |
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Permanent
Court of Arbitration
Established by treaty at the First Hague Peace
Conference in 1899, the Permanent Court of Arbitration
is the oldest global institution for the settlement
of international disputes. The Court offers
a wide range of services for the resolution
of international disputes which the parties
concerned have expressly agreed to submit for
resolution under its auspices. Unlike the International
Court of Justice, the Permanent Court of Arbitration
has no sitting judges. The parties themselves
select the arbitrators. Another difference is
that sessions of the Permanent Court of Arbitration
are held in private and are confidential. The
Court also provides arbitration in disputes
between international organizations and between
states and international organizations. |
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International
Criminal Court
In Rome on 17 July 1998 a substantial majority
of one hundred and twenty countries decided
to establish a permanent International Criminal
Court to try individuals for the most serious
offences known to man, such as genocide, war
crimes and crimes against humanity. The Secretary-general
of the United Nations, Kofi Annan, described
the agreement as a giant step forward in the
march towards universal human rights and the
rule of law. The Rome Statute entered into force
on 1 July 2002. Anyone who commits any of the
crimes under the Statute after this date will
be liable for prosecution by the Court.
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Organization
for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
The OPCW is an international organization which
was established in The Hague when the Chemical
Weapons Convention (CWC) entered into force
on 29 April 1997. This Chemical Weapons Convention
is regarded as the most complex multilateral
disarmament treaty ever agreed. It took over
twenty years of negotiation before enough states
were prepared to verify the convention. The
improved relations between the former Soviet
Union and the United States played a particularly
important role in reaching this agreement. The
CWC is a comprehensive disarmament and non-proliferation
agreement which prohibits all development, production,
acquisition, retention, stockpiling, transfer
and use of chemical weapons. Over 200 inspectors
travel around the world to supervise compliance
with the regulations of the convention and the
destruction of existing stocks of chemical weapons. |
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International
Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
The International Criminal tribunal for the
former Yugoslavia (ICTY) is the first international
court for the prosecution of war crimes since
the tribunals of Nuremburg and Tokyo after World
War II. The Yugoslavia Tribunal prosecutes and
sentences individuals found to be responsible
for genocide, war crimes and crimes against
humanity committed in the former Yugoslavia
since January 1 1991. The multinational Tribunal,
which has fourteen judges and a chief prosecutor,
can not convict a suspect in absentia or impose
a death sentence. The maximum sentence is life
imprisonment. Suspects who have been arrested
are held in a specially built detention unit
in Scheveningen-prison, which is under the supervision
of the United Nations. The ICTY was established
by the UN Security Council in 1993. In November
of the same year the international team of judges
and chief prosecutor were sworn in. |
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Iran
- United States Claims Tribunal
The Iran-United States Claims Tribunal has been
established in The Hague since 1981 to deal
with the settlement of thousands of legal and
financial claims submitted by Iran, the United
States and nationals of the two countries. These
claims are the direct result of the crisis that
arose between Iran and the United States in
1979 following the detention of 52 American
nationals in the US embassy in Teheran and the
subsequent freezing of Iranian assets by the
United States. The Tribunal received a total
of some 1000 claims for amounts in excess of
250.000 dollars and 2800 claims for smaller
amounts from nationals of the two countries.
The Tribunal is composed of nine members: three
nominated by each of the parties and three from
other countries |
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High
Commissioner on National Minorities of the OSCE
In brief, the tasks of the High Commissioner
on National Minorities of the Organization for
Security and Cooperation in Europe are to highlight
the interests and rights of minorities in Europe,
and by identifying tensions and potential conflicts
early on, prevent them. The High Commissioner
may not take action in regions where conflicts
have already started or where minorities are
being terrorised. His most important task is
preventive. If he feels that there is a threat
of a crisis that could spill over into violence,
the High Commissioner gives an 'early warning'
to the OSCE, which can then take action. The
High Commissioner identifies and reports, but
always remains independent and impartial. |
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Europol
Europol is the umbrella organization of the
police forces and customs services of the member
states of the European Union, within which they
work closely together. Europol aims to prevent
and combat terrorism, unlawful drug trafficking
and other forms of serious international organized
crime. Within the European Union, Europol reports
to the Council of Ministers of Justice and Home
Affairs. The Management Board, composed of representatives
from the member states, is charged with general
supervision of the activities of Europol. |
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Eurojust
The Council of the European Union established
Eurojust on 6 March 2002. Eurojust will stimulate
and improve coordination between the competent
authorities of the Member States in investigations
and prosecutions in the Member States, render
these more effective and improve cooperation
by facilitating international mutual legal assistance
and the implementation of extradition requests.
The position and character of The Hague as centre
of international law is further reinforced by
the presence of the International Legal Institute,
The Hague Conference on Private International
Law and a large number of international law
practices. The Hague is also home to the famous
Peace Palace library, The Hague Academy of International
Law, the research and training institute for
international law TMC Asser Instituut and the
Institute for Social Studies.
93 countries are represented in The Hague with
an embassy. Many embassies have a consular section,
but some have separate consulates, in The Hague,
Amsterdam and a number of Dutch cities. |
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Source:
http://www.thehague.nl |
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